Research in Brief: Homicide Solvability

This brief provides an overview of recent research findings pertaining to clearance rates for homicide. This is traditionally defined by a calculation of the annual number of homicides solved in a locality divided by the number of homicides recorded that year. The national rate has been reported to be 62 percent to 65 percent over the past 10 years. The dramatic decline in homicide clearance rates observed since the 1960s has called attention by some to increased legal constraints on police practices (for example, Miranda warnings and search and seizure rules) that have hampered investigative efforts; changes in the nature of those involved (that is, more stranger, felony-related, and drug homicides, with fewer intimate partner killings); and changes in societal level factors such as community support for police.1 At a case level, individual case characteristics (for example, weapon use, circumstances, and availability of witnesses) and police investigative practices (for example, first responders securing the scene, the number of detectives assigned to a case, the availability of overtime, the use of computerized databases in investigations, and the interaction with the medical examiner or coroner) have been shown to impact solvability.2 While the research does not point to a single, effective investigative approach for law enforcement to adopt, there are important findings that can assist individual agencies in formulating strategies to increase homicide solvability.