Policing in the western world began with citizens serving in roles that deterred crime, not paid police forces. In about 900 AD, every 10 families created a tything, which was led by a tythingman who was responsible for bringing those who committed criminal acts to justice and assembling volunteers to pursue criminals. Later, within the frankpledge system and with the appointment of the shire reeve (later known as the sheriff), volunteer citizens could be gathered together to pursue criminals. In the late 1200s in England, men were required to volunteer for night watch and were responsible for protecting property against fire, as well as guarding the town and apprehending criminals. If a “hue and cry” was raised regarding a criminal act, all able-bodied male citizens were required to join in the pursuit and apprehension of the offender. Known as the “watch and ward” system (nighttime patrol was called “watch,” while daytime security was called “ward”), this system of policing continued for nearly 500 years. The need for better law enforcement led to the creation of the first regular police force in the city of London, England, in 1800 with the Thames River Police Act, which served as the model for the London Metropolitan Police.