Despite a significant and growing body of research on electronic control devices (ECDs), controversy persists over the effect on humans and the safety of their extensive and expanding use by law enforcement. In fact, statistics from Taser, the manufacturer of a popular ECD, show that as of June 30, 2010, 15,500 law enforcement and military agencies have purchased ECDs. The statistics state that there have been more than 1,070,785 field deployments.