{"id":20244,"date":"2015-04-01T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-04-01T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iacpmag.wp.matrixdev.net\/homeland-security-investigations-follow-the-money-trails-to-combat-crime\/"},"modified":"2024-10-09T12:03:22","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T16:03:22","slug":"homeland-security-investigations-follow-the-money-trails-to-combat-crime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/homeland-security-investigations-follow-the-money-trails-to-combat-crime\/","title":{"rendered":"Homeland Security Investigations Follow the Money Trails to Combat Crime"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"top\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the history of law enforcement, financial investigations have been integral to the arrest and conviction of some of the most notorious, dangerous, and elusive criminals. In 1931, gangster, bootlegger, and racketeer, Al Capone, was sentenced to 11 years in prison after he was arrested, prosecuted, and convicted on charges of tax evasion.<a href=\"#1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> Before that famous arrest, in 1920, the criminal investigative arm of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) took down an opium trafficker in Hawaii the only way it could\u2014using tax evasion charges.<a href=\"#2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Today, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u2019s (ICE\u2019s) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and its law enforcement partners are challenged by criminals and criminal enterprises that contribute to the billions of dollars in illicit proceeds that flow through the United States\u2019 financial systems each year. The IRS reports that crimes dealing with or motivated by money make up the majority of current criminal activity in the United States.<a href=\"#3\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The U.S. State Department reports that along with the increase in the global gross domestic product (GDP), money laundering has also risen. Approximately 3 to 5 percent of the global GDP is laundered\u2014approximately $2.17 to $3.61 trillion annually. Narcotraffickers, kleptocrats, and transnational organized criminals are some of the major money launderers.<a href=\"#4\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Money Laundering Control Act of October 1986 enhanced law enforcement\u2019s ability to arrest organized crime members; however, money laundering remains a serious global threat. Illicit currency moving through financial institutions as if it\u2019s legitimate, contributes to the breakdown of the rule of law, the corruption of public officials, and the destabilization of economies.<\/p>\n<h3><big>HSI Combats the Complete Range of Financial Crimes<\/big><\/h3>\n<p>Illicit proceeds are the lifeblood that fuels crimes, such as smuggling and trafficking illegal narcotics. Human trafficking is another burgeoning and lucrative global criminal enterprise; one that feeds off of the exploitation and enslavement of unsuspecting innocents and yields an estimated $32 billion in illicit profits each year.<a href=\"#5\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> Terrorist organizations also remain an operational and subversive threat through a variety of illegitimate financial schemes.<\/p>\n<p>HSI, the investigative arm of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, has a presence across the United States and the world. HSI\u2019s special agents investigate all types of cross-border criminal activity, such as narcotics, weapons, and human smuggling and trafficking; transnational gang activity; child sexual exploitation; export violations; immigration; document and benefit fraud; and a host of other egregious crimes. In fiscal year 2014, HSI arrested more than 3,200 individuals, of which 2,100 were criminally indicted and 1,804 were convicted.<a href=\"#6\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Among other investigative strategies, HSI follows money trails to identify key members of criminal organizations. The seizure of criminals\u2019 assets is crucial to shutting down these organizations.<\/p>\n<p>HSI combats the methods criminal organizations use to launder money, move bulk cash, exploit global trade networks, conduct illicit insurance schemes, and use online financial systems and Internet technologies to conceal their illicit profits. In fiscal year 2014, the number of HSI seizures amounted to 9,292 with a combined value of more than $540,250,000, as well as more than $499,000,000 in currency and monetary instruments.<a href=\"#7\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In support of this effort, in August 2009, HSI officially launched the National Bulk Cash Smuggling Center (BCSC). Located in Williston, Vermont, the center operates 24 hours a day to identify, investigate, and disrupt bulk cash smuggling activities around the world. The center assists federal, state, tribal, local, and international law enforcement authorities in their efforts to restrict the flow of funding that supports criminal enterprises. It provides real-time tactical intelligence, investigative support and expertise in the transportation and smuggling of bulk cash. By contacting the BCSC, law enforcement officers gain access to financial investigative expertise that will help them better follow the money trail and seize criminal proceeds for civil forfeiture.<\/p>\n<p>While HSI partners with federal, state, and local law enforcement in investigating a complete range of financial crimes, the agency also partners with the financial community, giving the private sector the knowledge, guidance, and tools it needs to be proactive in identifying and eliminating potential weaknesses within the United States\u2019 financial infrastructure.<\/p>\n<h3><big>HSI\u2019s El Dorado Task Force<\/big><\/h3>\n<p>HSI\u2019s El Dorado Task Force (EDTF) is at the forefront in combating illegal financial criminal activity. EDTF is the largest money laundering task force in the United States. It was established in 1992 as a joint initiative between the former U.S. Customs Service (an ICE legacy agency) and the IRS as U.S. law enforcement\u2019s response to the increasing number of financial crimes (primarily as a result of money laundering from the proceeds of illegal narcotics trafficking). Headquartered at the ICE office of the Special Agent in Charge (SAC) HSI New York, and in other locations in the New York and New Jersey area, the EDTF is 260 members strong with more than 55 participating law enforcement agencies from New York and New Jersey?including special agents, state and local police investigators, intelligence analysts, and federal prosecutors.<\/p>\n<p>EDTF\u2019s High Intensity Financial Crime Area (HIFCA)\/Intelligence Unit analyzes records and other financial data. HIFCAs occupy the flagship role in the efforts to disrupt and dismantle large-scale money laundering systems and organizations. HIFCA action teams are composed of federal, state, and local enforcement authorities; prosecutors; and financial regulators; who combat money laundering in designated high-intensity money laundering zones.<\/p>\n<p>In general, EDTF takes a multi-agency approach to target financial crimes and uses the resources of all participating agencies to dismantle and disrupt money laundering and criminal financial organizations in the New York\/New Jersey area.<\/p>\n<p>Since its inception, the EDTF has made nearly 3,700 arrests and seized more than 1 billion dollars in U.S. currency; 8,000 pounds of cocaine; 414 pounds of heroin; and 16,000 pounds of marijuana.<a href=\"#8\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><big>EDTF Takes Down Colombian Drug Trafficking Organization<\/big><\/h3>\n<p>\u201cThe common thread among criminal organizations is that they must hide their profits from authorities,\u201d said Steven Schrank, assistant SAC of HSI\u2019s EDTF. \u201cThis can be a vexing problem for them. And that\u2019s where HSI comes in; the more cash that flows from their base of operations, the more clues are out there for us to trace back to them.\u201d<a href=\"#9\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As an example, an EDTF-led investigation called Operation Pacific Rim (Pac Rim) involved an epic drug trafficking organization (DTO) that was making so much money so quickly that the kingpins and their associates found it difficult to successfully launder it all. In the three-year investigation that started in 2009 and included law enforcement from Colombia, Mexico, and the Netherlands, HSI took down the billion-dollar Colombian DTO. The corrupt empire had been sending cocaine all over the globe. They posed as legitimate business owners and invested in apartment complexes and office buildings, but still had money to hide. Their \u201cbusiness dealings\u201d extended to murder, kidnapping, and other forms of violence and lawlessness. Authorities in the case seized more than $170 million in U.S. currency and more than $800 million in property worldwide.<a href=\"#10\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a> Echoes of Pac Rim still reverberate. In November 2014, the HSI Attach\u00e9 to The Hague returned $3 million U.S. dollars to the Netherlands for their assistance in the case.<\/p>\n<table width=\"75%\" cellpadding=\"8\" align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"000000\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td bgcolor=\"009900\"><b>EDTF Brings Financial Criminals to Justice<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td bgcolor=\"f0f0f0\">\n<p>The EDTF\u2019s expertise is evidenced by many investigations, three of which are described below.<\/p>\n<p><b>Liberty Reserve.<\/b> In 2012, the EDTF joined an ongoing investigation of Liberty Reserve, a Costa Rican company that provided digital currency services. The investigation revealed that this unlicensed money transmitting business involved the transmission of funds derived from criminal activity, including credit card fraud, identity theft, investment fraud, computer hacking, child pornography, narcotics trafficking, and other crimes. Liberty Reserve allowed account holders to open accounts with no verifiable identifying information and send currency to other account holders, which facilitated international crime. Former chief technology officer for Liberty Reserve Mark Marmilev pleaded guilty in September 2014, and was sentenced to five years in prison.<a href=\"#*\">*<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Operation Cash Out.<\/b> In September 2010, the EDTF investigated individuals who were using global cash access machines to withdraw money at Atlantic City, New Jersey, casinos. The subjects conspired to defraud more than 15 New York City banks out of more than $9 million. The criminal organization, which included more than 30 individuals, operated a network of shell corporations and accounts in which they deposited counterfeit checks to obtain temporarily high balances. Once the checks were temporarily cleared, the subjects obtained high-dollar casino advances and ATM withdrawals in Atlantic City. This pattern was repeated using multiple identities at numerous casinos in a matter of hours. The plan worked well until law enforcement made their move. EDTF agents arrested 19 subjects and seized $68,213 in cash and $50,000 in jewelry, flat panel televisions, and new appliances in the case.<a href=\"#dagger\">\u2020<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>International Money Broker.<\/b> EDTF led an investigation that led to the disruption of a money laundering organization that contributed to the flow of millions of dollars in illicit drug proceeds. Thirteen subjects were responsible for laundering tens of millions of dollars of narcotics proceeds from the United States to Colombia between 2006 and 2013 on behalf of Colombian drug cartels. All 13 individuals were extradited from Colombia, and pleaded guilty to conspiring to launder narcotics proceeds. Luis Anibal Salazar Garcia, the primary money broker for a Colombian-based international money laundering organization, was sentenced in October 2014, to 92 months in prison. Ten co-defendants had previously been sentenced to 28 to 64 months\u2019 imprisonment. Two other codefendants remain to be sentenced.<a href=\"#doubledagger\">\u2021<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Notes:<\/b><br \/>\n<a name=\"*\"><\/a>* United States Department of Justice, \u201cChief Technology Officer of Liberty Reserve Sentenced to Five Years in Prison,\u201d news release, December 12, 2014, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/chief-technology-officer-liberty-reserve-sentenced-five-years-prison\">http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/chief-technology-officer-liberty-reserve-sentenced-five-years-prison<\/a> (accessed March 3, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"dagger\"><\/a>\u2020 Homeland Security Investigations, internal executive summary, 2010.<br \/>\n<a name=\"doubledagger\"><\/a>\u2021 U.S. Immigrations and Customs Enforcement, \u201cHSI Investigation Leads to Sentencing of International Money Broker,\u201d news release, October 19, 2014, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ice.gov\/news\/releases\/hsi-investigation-leads-sentencing-international-money-broker\">http:\/\/www.ice.gov\/news\/releases\/hsi-investigation-leads-sentencing-international-money-broker<\/a> (accessed March 5, 2015).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><big>Critical Statutes\u2014The Bank Secrecy Act and the USA Patriot Act<\/big><\/h3>\n<p>The EDTF targets financial crimes at all levels and applies hundreds of federal criminal statutes, including provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and the USA Patriot Act, in its arsenal to combat financial criminal activity.<\/p>\n<p>The BSA makes it mandatory for banks and financial institutions to maintain certain records and ensure that certain transactions in U.S. currency are reported to the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The USA Patriot Act was passed by Congress in response to the 9\/11 terrorist attacks. Among other provisions of this legislation, it criminalized the international smuggling of bulk cash and strengthened U.S. money laundering defenses. Financial institutions are now required by law to establish antimoney laundering programs that include developing internal policies, designating a compliance officer, and conducting ongoing employee training programs and independent audits.<a href=\"#11\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><big>EDTF Investigates HSBC<\/big><\/h3>\n<p>What happens when a financial institution ignores sanctions and knowingly turns a blind eye to money laundering that\u2019s taking place through its own banks? These are serious charges, but they were found to be true of HSBC after a prolonged EDTF-led investigation that concluded in December 2012. HSBC is one of the world\u2019s largest banking and financial services organizations that conducts business in global, retail, commercial, and private banking, as well as wealth management.<\/p>\n<p>Financial investigations, by their very nature, are complex and sophisticated. The HSBC case was particularly intensive, involving more than 9 million pages of subpoenaed records and extensive domestic and international interviews and courtroom testimony.<\/p>\n<p>The investigation revealed that HSBC was involved in money laundering activities tied to drug cartels in Mexico. HSBC?specifically the bank\u2019s headquarters in London, England, and McLean, Virginia-not only violated the BSA, but also violated the International Emergency Economy Powers Act and the Trading with the Enemy Act. HSBC failed to maintain an effective anti-money laundering program or to conduct due diligence on its foreign correspondent account holders. HSBC, it was found, had been illegally conducting transactions on behalf of customers in Cuba, Iran, Libya, Sudan, and Burma-all countries that were subject to sanctions enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.<\/p>\n<p>The investigation also revealed that HSBC had interacted with drug cartels in the Colombian Black Market Peso Exchange. The Colombian drug cartels are known to exploit the global trade network to move value, using complex and sometimes confusing documentation that is frequently associated with legitimate trade transactions. This type of trade-based money laundering is used to repatriate drug proceeds.<\/p>\n<p>Between 2004 and 2009, HSBC repatriated more than $36 billion back into the United States from Mexico. These funds were transferred for further credit to U.S. businesses and individuals and were believed to be the proceeds of narcotics trafficking.<a href=\"#12\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>At the case\u2019s conclusion, a settlement was reached in which HSBC agreed to pay $1.92 billion?a record financial penalty.<\/p>\n<p>During the announcement of HSBC\u2019s deferred prosecution agreement in December 2012, former Assistant Attorney General Lanny Breuer said that HSBC was responsible for \u201cstunning failures of oversight.\u201d John Morton, who served as ICE\u2019s director at the time, said that HSBC had been \u201cenabling dangerous criminal enterprises,\u201d and U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York Loretta Lynch said HSBC\u2019s conduct was \u201cwillful flouting of U.S. sanctions laws and regulations.\u201d<a href=\"#13\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>HSBC posted a written statement on its website in which the bank apologized for wrongdoing and pledged \u201cabsolute commitment to fixing what went wrong,\u201d stating it had already taken steps toward \u201cstrengthening compliance, risk management and culture.\u201d Additionally, HSBC stated that the case \u201cwill provide important lessons for the whole industry in seeking to prevent illicit actors from entering the global financial system.\u201d<a href=\"#14\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe HSBC agreement-the largest penalty in any BSA prosecution to date-makes it clear that all corporate citizens, no matter how large, must be held accountable for their actions,\u201d said Ray Parmer, acting SAC, HSI New York.<a href=\"#15\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><big>Operation Cornerstone<\/big><\/h3>\n<p>A significant part of EDTF\u2019s approach to financial investigations is partnering with industry representatives and sharing information that task force members have learned from investigations. Agents assigned to the task force educate the private financial sector on how to identify and eliminate vulnerabilities and promote anti-money laundering legislation. EDTF arms the financial community with knowledge and urges these financial professionals to use the information to help eliminate industry-wide security gaps that could be exploited.<\/p>\n<p>This training and outreach effort follows the protocol of the 2003 ICE-HSI\u2013launched Operation Cornerstone. Under Operation Cornerstone, specific information is shared with top U.S. financial institutions about the financial systems weaknesses within U.S. financial, trade, and transportation sectors that can be exploited by criminal networks.<\/p>\n<p>The more difficult and problematic criminals and criminal organizations find it to move and conceal their proceeds, the better HSI is able to disrupt criminal enterprises, arrest bad actors, and bring them to prosecution.<\/p>\n<p>Financial institutions can greatly assist in this regard. They are the gatekeepers to the overall U.S. financial system. Members of the financial community are in a unique and powerful position to assist law enforcement.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur banking sector colleagues are frequently the custodians of evidence in financial cases. They not only have the records of criminal transactions needed to prove our cases, but they often possess the illicit proceeds,\u201d said Parmer. \u201cOur ability to share information, develop typologies, and learn from one another helps identify vulnerabilities and strengthen our financial system from those who wish to exploit it for nefarious purposes.\u201d<a href=\"#16\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>ICE Executive Associate Director Peter Edge said, \u201cThe HSBC investigation has had far-reaching impact stressing the importance of due diligence and global compliance efforts.\u201d<a href=\"#17\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<table width=\"75%\" cellpadding=\"8\" align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"000000\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td bgcolor=\"009900\"><b>Red Flag Indicators<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td bgcolor=\"f0f0f0\">To assist financial industry professionals in spotting suspicious financial transactions that could signal money laundering or other criminal activity, the U.S. Department of Treasury\u2019s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, in collaboration with HSI, other law enforcement agencies, non-governmental organizations, and members of the financial industry, developed a list of red flag indicators. They were released on September 11, 2014, and include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Any evidence of structuring, including\n<ul>\n<li>frequent transactions or purchase of negotiable instruments $10,000 or under in order to avoid filing a Currency Transaction Report (CTR);<\/li>\n<li>customer making cash deposits of $10,000 or under at multiple locations or cash deposits made to one account at the same location by multiple individuals;<\/li>\n<li>customer depositing $10,000 or under after being told of CTR reporting requirement;<\/li>\n<li>splitting large currency deposits among several accounts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Frequent or unusual use of night deposit drops or ATM machines for deposits.<\/li>\n<li>Purchase of any monetary instrument by a non-customer with large amounts of currency.<\/li>\n<li>Transactions involving a high volume of incoming or outgoing wire transfers, with no logical or apparent purpose, that comes from, goes to, or transits through locations of concern (i.e., sanctioned countries, sympathizer nations, non-cooperative nations). Wire transfers by charitable organizations to companies located in countries known to be bank or tax havens.<\/li>\n<li>The use of multiple accounts to collect funds that are then transferred to the same foreign beneficiaries.<\/li>\n<li>Cash debiting schemes in which deposits in the United States correlate directly with ATM cash withdrawals in countries of concern and vice-versa.<\/li>\n<li>Issuance of checks, money orders, or other financial instruments, often numbered sequentially, to the same person or business, or to a person or business whose name is spelled similarly.<\/li>\n<li>Reluctance or refusal of individuals to provide identifying information to bank employees.<\/li>\n<li>Transactions inconsistent with usual and customary business or personal practices (e.g., wire transfers that do not coincide with the type of business or activity in which the customer is normally engaged; negotiation of third-party checks inconsistent with the type of business in which the customer is involved).<\/li>\n<li>Sudden, unexplained change in banking habits or activity.<\/li>\n<li>Transfer of funds to a commercial account with no logical relationship or connection to the sender of the funds (e.g., jewelry store account wiring money to auto parts exporter).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><big>HSI Partners with State and Local Law Enforcement<\/big><\/h3>\n<p>HSI has a long and productive history partnering with state and local law enforcement agencies. HSI works shoulder-to-shoulder with state and local law enforcement officers in the investigations of financial crimes, as well as all manner of criminal activity that threatens communities and the United States at large, including narcotics violations, human smuggling and trafficking, child sexual exploitation, and violent gang activity.<\/p>\n<p>HSI often assists state and local law enforcement officers when they are pursuing a target or criminal activity outside their areas of jurisdiction. HSI is able to track leads and information through its domestic offices and obtain information through its international offices. In these cases, state and local law enforcement retain investigative control on most aspects of their investigation and, at the same time, enjoy information sharing in accordance with existing regulations and policies. State and local law enforcement officers should meet in person with HSI personnel to discuss their resource needs and other aspects of the investigation.<\/p>\n<p>HSI also assists in state and local law enforcement investigations by providing database resources and subject matter experts and employing the agency\u2019s unique border enforcement legal authorities. For instance, under the statutes granted, without any level of suspicion, authorized HSI special agents are able to search any person or thing that is entering or exiting the United States; this includes documents, \u201cpocket trash,\u201d and the data on phones, laptops, thumb drives, and other devices.<\/p>\n<p>State and local law enforcement officers who go through the official process of becoming a task force officer with HSI are also authorized to enforce border statues and laws, as well as access HSI systems and databases. An HSI task force officer must be a sworn paid law enforcement officer with a state, local, or tribal agency and be authorized to execute arrests and carry a firearm in the performance of his or her duties. Task force officers are assigned as the case officer and operate under an HSI chain of command.<\/p>\n<p>HSI welcomes opportunities to work with their state and local law enforcement counterparts and encourages them to reach out HSI through the following methods:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Contact the ICE Law Enforcement Support Center at 802-872-6020 for routine immigration status checks.<\/li>\n<li>Report bulk cash currency seizures to HSI\u2019s National Bulk Cash Smuggling Center (BCSC) at 1-866-981-5332. State and local investigators can receive a weekly update on all reported currency seizures and remain current on new trends and practices in bulk U.S. currency movement. For more information regarding BCSC, go to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/news\/releases\/national-bulk-cash-smuggling-center-expands-operations\">www.ice.gov\/bulk-cash-smuggling-center<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Contact an HSI special agent through communications specialists who are available around the clock, 7 days a week, and will determine where your call should be routed. The number is 1-800-X-SECTOR (1-800-973-2867). When making contact for the first time, law enforcement officers should ask for the duty agent of the relevant HSI office.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><big>Protecting U.S. National Security<\/big><\/h3>\n<p>In the post-9\/11 world, the United States has grown to embrace the philosophy that protecting the country is more than just a responsibility for government agencies; it\u2019s a shared mission for all citizens. Private sector partnerships are as vital to U.S. national security as partnerships among law enforcement agencies.<\/p>\n<p>HSI encourages individuals and businesses to become engaged in the fight against financial crimes and money laundering and suggests specific actions to take, such as the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Become a private sector partner with HSI by contacting Cornerstone through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/about-ice\">www.ice.gov\/cornerstone<\/a> and arrange a presentation.<\/li>\n<li>Report suspicious financial, commercial or trade activity by contacting the local HSI SAC office at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ice.gov\/contact\/hsi\">www.ice.gov\/contact\/hsi<\/a> or by calling 1-866-DHS-2-ICE.<\/li>\n<li>Subscribe and sign up for HSI\u2019s quarterly newsletter, The Cornerstone Report, for new developments in financial and trade fraud crimes at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/about-ice\">www.ice.gov\/cornerstone<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For further information about ICE, including programs and strategies in place to fulfill the agency\u2019s mission to promote homeland security and public safety through the criminal and civil enforcement of federal laws governing border control, customs, trade, and immigration, go to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ice.gov\">www.ice.gov<\/a>. &#x2666;<\/p>\n<p><b>Notes:<\/b><br \/>\n<a name=\"1\"><\/a><sup>1<\/sup>Federal Bureau of Investigation, \u201cAl Capone,\u201d Famous Cases &amp; Criminals, http:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/about-us\/history\/famous-cases\/al-capone (accessed March 3, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"2\"><\/a><sup>2<\/sup>Internal Revenue Service, \u201cOverview\u2014Money Laundering,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/government-entities\/indian-tribal-governments\/title-31-anti-money-laundering\">http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/uac\/History&#8212;Money-Laundering<\/a> (accessed March 3, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"3\"><\/a><sup>3<\/sup>Ibid.<br \/>\n<a name=\"4\"><\/a><sup>4<\/sup>U.S. Department of State,\u201dAnti-Money Laundering\/Counter Terrorist Financing,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/\">http:\/\/www.state.gov\/j\/inl\/c\/crime\/c44634.htm<\/a> (accessed February 27, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"5\"><\/a><sup>5<\/sup>U.S. Department of Homeland Security, \u201cSecretary Johnson Announces 192 Criminal Arrests in Ongoing ICE Operation to Crack Down on Human Smuggling to the Rio Grande Valley,\u201d press release, July 22, 2014, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/news\/2014\/07\/22\/secretary-johnson-announces-192-criminal-arrests-ongoing-ice-operation-crack-down\">http:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/news\/2014\/07\/22\/secretary-johnson-announces-192-criminal-arrests-ongoing-ice-operation-crack-down<\/a> (accessed February 27, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"6\"><\/a><sup>6<\/sup>Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), email correspondence, March 10, 2015.<br \/>\n<a name=\"7\"><\/a><sup>7<\/sup>Ibid.<br \/>\n<a name=\"8\"><\/a><sup>8<\/sup>HSI, email correspondence, February 9, 2015.<br \/>\n<a name=\"9\"><\/a><sup>9<\/sup>Steven Schrank (assistant special agent in charge of HSI\u2019s EDTF), interview, February 9, 2015.<br \/>\n<a name=\"10\"><\/a><sup>10<\/sup>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, \u201cICE Takes Down Billion-Dollar Colombian Drug Trafficking Organization,\u201d press release, https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/news\/releases\/ice-takes-down-billion-dollar-colombian-drug-trafficking-organization (February 27, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"11\"><\/a><sup>11<\/sup>U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, \u201cUSA Patriot Act,\u201d http:\/\/www.fincen.gov\/statutes_regs\/patriot (accessed March 12, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"12\"><\/a><sup>12<\/sup>HSI, internal executive summary, July 29, 2013.<br \/>\n<a name=\"13\"><\/a><sup>13<\/sup>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. \u201cHSBC Admits to Anti-Money Laundering and Sanctions Violations Following an HSI El Dorado Task Force Investigation,\u201d news release, December 11, 2012, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ice.gov\/news\/releases\/hsbc-admits-anti-money-laundering-and-sanctions-violations-following-hsi-el-dorado\">http:\/\/www.ice.gov\/news\/releases\/hsbc-admits-anti-money-laundering-and-sanctions-violations-following-hsi-el-dorado<\/a> (accessed<br \/>\nMarch 12, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"14\"><\/a><sup>14<\/sup>HSBC, \u201cHSBC Statement on Testimony before the United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations,\u201d news release, July 16, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsbc.com\/news-and-views\/views\">http:\/\/www.hsbc.com\/news-and-insight\/2012\/statement<\/a> (accessed March 12, 2015).<br \/>\n<a name=\"15\"><\/a><sup>15<\/sup>HSI, email correspondence, February 9, 2015.<br \/>\n<a name=\"16\"><\/a><sup>16<\/sup>Ibid.<br \/>\n<a name=\"17\"><\/a><sup>17<\/sup>Ibid.<\/p>\n<p>Please cite as<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: .5in;\">Bernadette Smith, \u201cHomeland Security Investigations Follow the Money Trails to Combat Crime,\u201d <i>The Police Chief<\/i> 82 (April 2015): 56\u201361.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the history of law enforcement, financial investigations have been integral to the arrest and conviction of some of the most notorious, dangerous, and elusive criminals. In 1931, gangster, bootlegger, and racketeer, Al Capone, was sentenced to 11 years in prison after he was arrested, prosecuted, and convicted on charges of tax evasion.<a href=\"#1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> Before that famous arrest, in 1920, the criminal investigative arm of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) took down an opium trafficker in Hawaii the only way it could\u2014using tax evasion charges.<a href=\"#2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Today, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u2019s (ICE\u2019s) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and its law enforcement partners are challenged by criminals and criminal enterprises that contribute to the billions of dollars in illicit proceeds that flow through the United States\u2019 financial systems each year. The IRS reports that crimes dealing with or motivated by money make up the majority of current criminal activity in the United States.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21079,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-global-policing"],"acf":{"post_author":"<strong>Bernadette Smith, Public Affairs Specialist, Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement<\/strong>","legacy_article_id":"3685","legacy_issue_id":"42015","main_category":"Global Policing"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.4 (Yoast SEO v24.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Homeland Security Investigations Follow the Money Trails to Combat Crime - Police Chief Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/homeland-security-investigations-follow-the-money-trails-to-combat-crime\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Homeland Security Investigations Follow the Money Trails to Combat Crime\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the history of law enforcement, financial investigations have been integral to the arrest and conviction of some of the most notorious, dangerous, and elusive criminals. 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