{"id":20601,"date":"2016-06-01T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-01T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iacpmag.wp.matrixdev.net\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/"},"modified":"2017-02-14T12:52:54","modified_gmt":"2017-02-14T17:52:54","slug":"wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Wrongful Convictions, Cognitive Bias, and Forensic Science"},"content":"protected_content","excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In May 30, 1997, a man shot at Sergeant Gregory Gallagher with the sergeant\u2019s gun and fired at an area resident, Benjamin Pitre. The man then forced himself into the house of a local resident, Bonnie Lacy, and, when fleeing the residence, he left behind a sweatshirt, a mug he had drunk water from, and the gun. After a few days, Sergeant Gallagher identified the suspect in a photo lineup, but the other witnesses (Benjamin Pitre and Bonnie Lacy) did not. When the suspect, Stephen Cowan, was subsequently put into a live lineup, Sergeant Gallager and Mr. Pitre identified him. Mrs. Lacy did not. The thumbprint the shooter left on the water mug generated no match in the computerized national fingerprint database in which Cowan\u2019s fingerprint was stored; however, during the trial, two Boston, Massachusetts, Police Department fingerprint analysts testified that Cowan\u2019s thumbprint was a match. This testimony, along with the eyewitness identifications, led to the jury decision that Cowan was guilty of all charges on June 30, 1998. Cowan was sentenced to 35 to 50 years in prison, and the decision was upheld by the Appeals Court of Massachusetts on October 12, 2001.<a href=\"#1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cowan\u2019s request to have the mug, baseball cap, and sweatshirt tested for DNA was approved on May 22, 2003, by a Suffolk County Superior Court judge, and the tests proved that the DNA from all three items came from one person\u2014and that the person was not Cowan. Two days into a new 2004 trial, the Suffolk County district attorney stated that the original thumbprint match that contributed to Cowan\u2019s conviction was a mistake. All charges were subsequently dismissed; the two original fingerprint examiners were placed on administrative leave; and the Boston Police Department Latent Fingerprint Unit was temporarily shut down.<a href=\"#2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,143,146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investigations","category-products-services","category-technology"],"acf":{"post_author":"<strong>Nadja Schreiber Compo, PhD, Associate Professor, Co-Director, Legal Psychology Graduate Program, Florida International University<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong> Michelle M. Pena, PhD Candidate, Florida International University<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jillian Rivard, PhD, Assistant Professor, Barry University<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dawn McQuiston, PhD, Associate Professor, Wofford College<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong> Jonathan P. Vallano, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong> Stephanie Stoiloff, Forensic Services Bureau Commander, Miami-Dade Police Department<\/strong>","legacy_article_id":"4181","legacy_issue_id":"62016","main_category":"Investigations"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.4 (Yoast SEO v24.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Wrongful Convictions, Cognitive Bias, and Forensic Science - Police Chief Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wrongful Convictions, Cognitive Bias, and Forensic Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In May 30, 1997, a man shot at Sergeant Gregory Gallagher with the sergeant\u2019s gun and fired at an area resident, Benjamin Pitre. The man then forced himself into the house of a local resident, Bonnie Lacy, and, when fleeing the residence, he left behind a sweatshirt, a mug he had drunk water from, and the gun. After a few days, Sergeant Gallagher identified the suspect in a photo lineup, but the other witnesses (Benjamin Pitre and Bonnie Lacy) did not. When the suspect, Stephen Cowan, was subsequently put into a live lineup, Sergeant Gallager and Mr. Pitre identified him. Mrs. Lacy did not. The thumbprint the shooter left on the water mug generated no match in the computerized national fingerprint database in which Cowan\u2019s fingerprint was stored; however, during the trial, two Boston, Massachusetts, Police Department fingerprint analysts testified that Cowan\u2019s thumbprint was a match. This testimony, along with the eyewitness identifications, led to the jury decision that Cowan was guilty of all charges on June 30, 1998. Cowan was sentenced to 35 to 50 years in prison, and the decision was upheld by the Appeals Court of Massachusetts on October 12, 2001.1  Cowan\u2019s request to have the mug, baseball cap, and sweatshirt tested for DNA was approved on May 22, 2003, by a Suffolk County Superior Court judge, and the tests proved that the DNA from all three items came from one person\u2014and that the person was not Cowan. Two days into a new 2004 trial, the Suffolk County district attorney stated that the original thumbprint match that contributed to Cowan\u2019s conviction was a mistake. All charges were subsequently dismissed; the two original fingerprint examiners were placed on administrative leave; and the Boston Police Department Latent Fingerprint Unit was temporarily shut down.2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Police Chief Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TheIACP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-06-01T16:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-02-14T17:52:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/DNA-in-Tube-copy.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"matrixsuperadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TheIACP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TheIACP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"matrixsuperadmin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"matrixsuperadmin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/#\/schema\/person\/845991022f6502e521826e97f251a3f0\"},\"headline\":\"Wrongful Convictions, Cognitive Bias, and Forensic Science\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-06-01T16:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-02-14T17:52:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/\"},\"wordCount\":2647,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/DNA-in-Tube-copy.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Investigations\",\"Products &amp; Services\",\"Technology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wrongful-convictions-cognitive-bias-and-forensic-science\/\",\"name\":\"Wrongful Convictions, Cognitive Bias, and Forensic Science - 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