{"id":63724,"date":"2021-07-01T06:00:59","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T10:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/?p=63724"},"modified":"2025-02-12T11:24:31","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T16:24:31","slug":"planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/","title":{"rendered":"Planning for First Amendment Demonstrations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"_idContainer418\" class=\"Basic-Text-Frame\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><span class=\"Feature-Paragraph-Intro--first-5-words-\">On May 25, 2020, Minneapolis, Minnesota, police officers killed George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, after arresting him for allegedly using counterfeit money.<\/span><span class=\"Feature-Paragraph-Intro--first-5-words-\">\u00a0<\/span>During the three months that followed, there were more than 7,750 demonstrations linked to the Black Lives Matter movement across more than 2,440 locations in all 50 states and Washington, DC.\u00b9<\/p>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\">That summer, jurisdictions of all sizes faced the challenge of managing First Amendment demonstrations. Some of those jurisdictions, like the District of Columbia, have hosted hundreds of demonstrations and were able to activate specific plans for providing law enforcement and other types of services to support events. However, the majority of these jurisdictions were dealing with the intricacies of responding to protests for the first time. Across the United States, unclear and unsuitable Unified Command structures, a lack of planning (or planning with too small of a group), and inadequate communications before and during protests led to poor outcomes for protestors, law enforcement, politicians, and communities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\">In its work providing after-action support for several of these jurisdictions, CNA has observed that many of these pitfalls originated in dangerous false assumptions and provides recommendations and best practices for avoiding them in future events.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead ParaOverride-44\"><span style=\"color: #5173fc;\"><span class=\"CharOverride-99\">Assumption 1:\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"CharOverride-100\">Everyone Uses NIMS\/ICS Like We Do.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63740\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"81\" height=\"79\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-1-300x294.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-1.jpg 347w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 81px) 100vw, 81px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/\" alt=\"\" \/>Under the National Incident Management System (NIMS), Unified Command \u201cenables jurisdictions and those with authority or functional responsibility for the incident to jointly manage and direct incident activities through the establishment of a common set of incident objectives, strategies, and a single Incident Action Plan (IAP).\u201d\u00b2 However, while organizations may institute and understand NIMS and Unified Command conceptually, implementation and consistency varies across disciplines. By their very nature, NIMS and the Incident Command System (ICS) are meant to be modular and adaptable to all hazards. However, this adaptability also makes them open to interpretation and variances in implementation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead-2 ParaOverride-1\"><span class=\"CharOverride-101\" style=\"color: #5173fc;\">Recommendations and Best Practices<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Build trust and establish relationships across disciplines prior to events. This is not a simple task; it requires sufficient resources and opportunities to maintain cross-discipline relationships and to conduct cross-discipline training and exercises and advanced training for command-level staff, while accounting for changes in personnel within those positions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Ensure regular opportunities to practice NIMS and establish Unified Command across disciplines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Implement NIMS\/ICS processes for day-to-day operations (e.g., shootings, critical missing persons), so personnel will become more accustomed to and proficient in NIMS\/ICS principles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use NIMS\/Unified Command for planned events like Independence Day celebrations, sporting events, and political conventions, as these are excellent opportunities to build cross-discipline relationships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Develop incident action plans (IAPs) that are based on what is expected\u2014and modify them as needed, based on changing circumstances. Consolidate agency operational plans into a single, jurisdiction-wide IAP, and seek approval by all participating organizations. This will provide common operational goals and objectives for the event, clearly defined roles and responsibilities for all agencies, and a well-defined chain of command with agreed-upon rules of engagement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Understand and document the protocols for requesting assistance from other jurisdictions, state agencies, the National Guard, and federal law enforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ensure that these organizations are involved in planning so that everyone has a common understanding of the timelines between requests, deployment, and arrival of support.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>If possible, train or exercise with those the agency might call upon for support prior to the scheduled demonstration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Time permitting, set aside time to \u201cred team\u201d or conduct a rehearsal of concepts drill of the IAP to ensure all agencies understand their roles and responsibilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Identify any gaps or overlaps and address them before the scheduled demonstration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ensure everyone has a clear of understanding of the communications plan for the event, including appropriate points of contact, radio channels, and other details.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Set up the NIMS\/ICS structure with room to grow. Use the scalability of the model to the agency\u2019s advantage in case the demonstration becomes larger, moves to more geographic areas, or crosses jurisdictional lines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead ParaOverride-44\"><span style=\"color: #5173fc;\"><span class=\"CharOverride-99\">Assumption 2:\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"CharOverride-100\">Demonstrations Won\u2019t Turn into Civil Unrest in Our Community.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63741\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"81\" height=\"81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-2.jpg 347w, https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 81px) 100vw, 81px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-5\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/\" alt=\"\" \/>Following the 2017 white supremacist rallies and violence in Charlottesville, Virginia, there were growing concerns that extremists on either end of the political spectrum might target smaller localities who are likely to have fewer resources to facilitate a robust response. Looking back at the summer of 2020, First Amendment rallies did occur in several small U.S. jurisdictions, such as New Bern, North Carolina; Crested Butte, Colorado; Odessa, Texas; and Loganville, Georgia, which has a population of just under 13,000.\u00b3 Furthermore, assuming that a demonstration will include only local residents\u2014whom the officers know and trust\u2014might lead to a situation that turns more violent or larger than the agency has planned or resourced for.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead-2\"><span class=\"CharOverride-101\" style=\"color: #5173fc;\">Recommendations and Best Practices<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Take a whole-community approach for the demonstration, so the agencies are ready to move into consequence management if needed. For example, a demonstration could turn into a mass casualty incident, which could require a family assistance center that necessitates engagement with social services, emergency management, and the medical examiner or coroner, among others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Engage stakeholders early in the planning process to ensure that all necessary perspectives are considered.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Planners should engage with fire and EMS departments, public health agencies, and local hospitals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Understand all local, state, and federal capabilities, as well as resources that are available to support jurisdictions and respond to contingencies. A thorough understanding of available capabilities and resources will enable localities to leverage these resources to enhance preparedness and response efforts. This information could be documented in a catalog or menu of capabilities and state resources and assets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Consider including civil unrest as part of the broader locality or regional risk and hazard mitigation planning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead ParaOverride-45\"><span style=\"color: #5173fc;\"><span class=\"CharOverride-99\">Assumption 3:\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"CharOverride-100\">Everyone Will Get the Information They Need to be Effective Partners.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63742\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"81\" height=\"70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-3.jpg 342w, https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-3-300x261.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 81px) 100vw, 81px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-6\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/\" alt=\"\" \/>The sharing of information\u2014especially sensitive information\u2014between partners will not happen unless agency leaders deliberately plan for it, including who needs what information. Law enforcement agencies tend to default to limiting information when there aren\u2019t clearly defined processes and procedures for sharing sensitive information with partners, especially those who are not public safety oriented. Law enforcement agencies are more willing to share sensitive information with their partner agencies when they know and trust their counterparts in those agencies. Interdisciplinary groups, such as fusion centers, may provide opportunities to build those relationships.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead-2 ParaOverride-26\"><span class=\"CharOverride-101\" style=\"color: #5173fc;\">Recommendations and Best Practices<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Develop a clear communication plan that involves more than just law enforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Consider including emergency management, local public health, emergency medical services, fire departments, local jails and court houses (for mass arrests), and public works.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Check if partners have interoperable communications. In cases where they don\u2019t, plan for ways to get partners information in other ways, like pairing outside support with local resources or providing radios to those who need more reliable communications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet ParaOverride-47\">Identify opportunities to train on how to share information. In addition to building the relationships and trust necessary to share sensitive information, this will also ensure that all stakeholders understand the processes and requirements to share and handle sensitive information during events. Workshops built to both train and exercise allow partners to learn about one another and their capabilities while building trust.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet ParaOverride-47\">Establish formal intelligence sharing models that account for all levels of security sensitivities yet allow for wide distribution. Existing interdisciplinary groups, such as fusion centers, provide opportunities to break down silos and allow critical information to quickly reach a wide range of partners.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet ParaOverride-47\">Determine how partners will get a common operating picture; consider the use of an online dashboard or other common-yet-protected source for information sharing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead ParaOverride-48\"><span style=\"color: #5173fc;\"><span class=\"CharOverride-99\">Assumption 4:\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"CharOverride-100\">We Can Engage the Community if Things Starts to Turn South.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63743\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"81\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-4.jpg 346w, https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-4-279x300.jpg 279w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 81px) 100vw, 81px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-7\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/\" alt=\"\" \/>The First Amendment rallies over the summer last year demonstrated the challenge the fast-paced and ever-changing nature of social media presents for responders and highlighted the importance of community engagement. However, standing up a joint information center (JIC) or appealing to community leaders when a demonstration has already become larger or more destructive than envisioned ensures that responders are behind on influencing the public message or stopping unhelpful rumors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead-2\"><span class=\"CharOverride-101\" style=\"color: #5173fc;\">Recommendations and Best Practices<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Reach out to demonstration leaders and organizers, local community leaders and members, and business owners to ensure everyone is on the same page.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Set expectations, including what community members should expect to see during the event, rules for attendees (e.g., banned weapons, use of masks), road and area closures, evacuation routes, and other important information that is hard to communicate once an event has turned into an incident. Making the public aware of precautions and areas of avoidance can help mitigate property damage and reduce the number of innocent bystanders in affected areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Discuss applicable laws and ordinances that might apply.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Make use-of-force polices public before the demonstration to avoid misunderstandings and set expectations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Engage with JIC participants early in the planning process, so that agency public information officers have a sufficient opportunity to plan for the event and prepare outreach materials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Document the JIC\u2019s responsibility for monitoring and disseminating social media information in the IAP; fully integrate the JIC within Unified Command.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Develop a common brand for the Unified Command and JIC and establish accounts for all mainstream social media outlets to be the authoritative source of information and the go-to social media presence for the community. Develop a battle rhythm for communicating early and often during the event, providing opportunities to address misinformation via regular or social media.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Engage proactively with community groups and business leaders prior to an event to communicate key information and solicit their support and cooperation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Help community groups and business leaders identify resources that might help prevent property damage, such as boarding materials, glass replacement, and ventilation system protection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Follow up with community groups and business leaders, as well as event organizers, after the event to solicit their feedback and discuss ways to improve future events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead\"><span style=\"color: #5173fc;\"><span class=\"CharOverride-99\">Assumption 5:\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"CharOverride-100\">Everyone Is on the Same Page for Use of Force.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63744\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"87\" height=\"70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-5.jpg 351w, https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-5-300x243.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 87px) 100vw, 87px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-8\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/\" alt=\"\" \/>During a demonstration that is getting out of control, use-of-force decisions challenge every jurisdiction, and there is no single, right answer. Without planning, officers will have to make use-of-force decisions in the field without the benefit of understanding leadership directives or local sensitivities due to historical incidents (e.g., past uses of chemical munitions in a particular neighborhood or the sight of specific uniforms during a response). Additionally, as demonstrations grow in size and scope, officers might not have immediate access to supervisors or commanders who can provide real-time guidance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead-2\"><span class=\"CharOverride-101\" style=\"color: #5173fc;\">Recommendations and Best Practices<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Although everyone hopes for a peaceful demonstration, plan for one that escalates. This includes developing and then promulgating specific policies for First Amendment demonstrations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>In addition to use of force, policies should address mass arrest protocols, use of chemical munitions, and crowd management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Under a Unified Command, any additional staff from external law enforcement agencies must adhere to the same set of engagement rules. Consider adding these policies to the mutual aid agreements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Consider just-in-time training (specific to the demonstration) around implicit bias, de-escalation, crowd control, and use of force for everyone who might deploy to respond to protests and civil disturbances. If additional jurisdictions might come in to support the response, ask that they conduct training as well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet\">Understand the history and implications surrounding the use of chemical munitions, mobile field forces (and their associated uniforms), and other crowd management tools in the area. Understand how demonstrators and the public might perceive these tools as escalatory, which could potentially lead to unintended collateral damage and an adverse community reaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Features_Feature-Bullet-2 _idGenParaOverride-2\">Seclude certain types of forces until (or unless) needed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead\"><span style=\"color: #5173fc;\"><span class=\"CharOverride-99\">Assumption 6:\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"CharOverride-100\">We Just Have to Get Through It and Then It Will Be Over.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-9\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/\" alt=\"\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63745\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"81\" height=\"91\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-6.jpg 347w, https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/First-Amendment-Icon-6-268x300.jpg 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 81px) 100vw, 81px\" \/>Recent history and the widespread use of cellphones and social media to record and share events should rid everyone of this assumption. It is likely, if not unavoidable, that someone will record the police at their best and their worst and then share it with a much wider audience. Assuming that demonstrators, the media, or private citizens will not document all aspects of the demonstration is a mistake agencies cannot afford to make.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead-2\"><span class=\"CharOverride-101\" style=\"color: #5173fc;\">Recommendations and Best Practices<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Assume that actions by police will be reviewed with a fine-tooth comb, and document everything that happens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Keep logs of major activities, including personnel deployments, resources requested and received, major resource gaps, complaints filed, uses of force, arrests, injuries (to demonstrators and law enforcement), media coverage and community responses (including social media), organizational charts from throughout the response, daily meetings, and so forth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>To ensure both sides of community-police engagements are captured and shown, use body-worn cameras whenever possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Document all major decisions, paying close attention to those that are most likely to be reviewed later (e.g., those pertaining to use of force and deployment of state or federal forces).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Take full advantage of the principles of continuous improvement for demonstrations lasting more than a day or two. While the response is still happening, gather feedback, quickly codify best practices, and promulgate lessons learned throughout the response.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Include a wide range of stakeholders (including officers and community members) in gathering these lessons learned\u2014these voices should be heard, and making changes to address issues as they happen will benefit everyone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Include commanders in the process to ensure a free and open flow of information and intelligence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Emphasize officer wellness for events of longer durations, including ensuring that officers receive food, hydration, rest, transportation, and situational awareness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>When it is over, do a full after-action review that results in an improvement plan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Bring in everyone who was part of the planning process and those who should have been but weren\u2019t; real change happens when challenges are brought into the open and the community works together to identify solutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Make sure to clearly and honestly document issues; use the report as justification for future funding requests and grant applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"Features_Feature-Subhead-2\"><span class=\"CharOverride-101\" style=\"color: #5173fc;\">Bottom Line<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\">Making false assumptions when planning for a First Amendment demonstration is easy to do, but hard to recover from. Engaging the right people\u2014and addressing the right issues\u2014during the planning process can help agencies avoid common pitfalls and be better positioned for a peaceful, safe event.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Notes:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00b9Roudabeh Kishi and Sam Jones,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/2020\/09\/03\/demonstrations-political-violence-in-america-new-data-for-summer-2020\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Demonstrations &amp; Political Violence in America: New Data for Summer 2020<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(Washington, DC:\u00a0ACLED, September 2020).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00b2Federal Emergency Management Agency,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fema.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-07\/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">National Incident Management System<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a03d ed.\u00a0(Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2017), 25.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00b3U.S. Census Bureau, \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/loganvillecitygeorgia\/PST045219\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Loganville City, Georgia<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u201d QuickFacts,\u00a0July 1, 2019.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d1cdcd;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 443.125px;\"><strong>IACP RESOURCES\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theiacp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-07\/Final_CPE%20Considerations%20Checklist.pdf?utm_source=Informz&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=Informz%20Email\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Agency Considerations Checks for Civil\u00a0Demonstration Response<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theiacp.org\/resources\/policy-center-resource\/incident-command\" class=\"broken_link\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Incident Command Model Policy<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/chiefs-counsel-pandemics-protests-social-justice-and-qualified-immunity\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chief\u2019s Counsel: Pandemics, Protests, Social Justice, and Qualified Immunity<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d (column)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div>Please cite as:<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Joel Silverman et al., &#8220;Planning for First Amendment Demonstrations: Six Common Assumptions and How to Avoid Their Pitfalls,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Police Chief<\/em> 88, no. 7 (July 2021): 26\u201331.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\"><span class=\"Feature-Paragraph-Intro--first-5-words-\">On May 25, 2020, Minneapolis, Minnesota, police officers killed George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, after arresting him for allegedly using counterfeit money.<\/span><span class=\"Feature-Paragraph-Intro--first-5-words-\">\u00a0<\/span>During the three months that followed, there were more than 7,750 demonstrations linked to the Black Lives Matter movement across more than 2,440 locations in all 50 states and Washington, DC.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\">That summer, jurisdictions of all sizes faced the challenge of managing First Amendment demonstrations. Some of those jurisdictions, like the District of Columbia, have hosted hundreds of demonstrations and were able to activate specific plans for providing law enforcement and other types of services to support events. However, the majority of these jurisdictions were dealing with the intricacies of responding to protests for the first time. Across the United States, unclear and unsuitable Unified Command structures, a lack of planning (or planning with too small of a group), and inadequate communications before and during protests led to poor outcomes for protestors, law enforcement, politicians, and communities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Features_Feature-Paragraph\">In its work providing after-action support for several of these jurisdictions, CNA has observed that many of these pitfalls originated in dangerous false assumptions and provides recommendations and best practices for avoiding them in future events.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":63752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[135,142,145],"tags":[1781,1898,953,1774,1803],"class_list":["post-63724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-civil-rights","category-policy","category-research-evidence-based-policing","tag-crowd-management","tag-demonstrations","tag-first-amendment","tag-incident-command","tag-protests"],"acf":{"subtitle":"Six Common Assumptions and How to Avoid Their Pitfalls","post_author":"Joel Silverman, Senior Research Scientist, Center for Emergency Management and Operations; Dawn Thomas, Associate Director, Center for Emergency Management and Operations; Rodney Monroe, Analyst, Center for Justice Research and Innovation; and Stephen Rickman, Business Developer, Center for Justice Research and Innovation, CNA","main_category":"Policy","legacy_article_id":"","legacy_issue_id":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.4 (Yoast SEO v24.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Planning for First Amendment Demonstrations - Police Chief Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Six dangerous assumptions can prevent effective management of first amendment demonstrations and other similar events.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/planning-for-first-amendment-demonstrations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Planning for First Amendment Demonstrations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Six dangerous assumptions can prevent effective 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