{"id":69554,"date":"2022-08-10T08:00:54","date_gmt":"2022-08-10T12:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/?p=69554"},"modified":"2024-11-07T08:49:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T13:49:22","slug":"sounding-the-alarm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/","title":{"rendered":"Sounding the Alarm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In a disturbing trend, hate crimes have been on the rise in recent years in the United States. When a person is targeted for a crime because of actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or disability, it harms not only that person, but also the group of people who share the characteristic for which that person was targeted and the community. These crimes may intimidate other members of the victim&#8217;s community, leaving them feeling isolated, vulnerable, and unprotected. Hate crime laws were enacted out of a recognition that crimes motivated by bias are different from other criminal conduct\u2014both because of the unique harm they cause to the immediate victim and because of their negative impact on the broader community. As seen in Oak Creek, Wisconsin; Charleston, South Carolina; Orlando, Florida; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Poway, California; El Paso, Texas; and Buffalo, New York, hate crimes have devastating and far-reaching effects.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullout alignleft\">For decades, ADL (the Anti-Defamation League) has been a leader in the fight against hate crimes, including by drafting the first model hate crime legislation in the United States. Since its founding in 1913, ADL\u2019s mission has been to \u201cstop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment to all.\u201d Today, ADL is a leading anti-hate organization and a leader in exposing extremism and fighting the spread of hate on the ground and online. ADL works closely with federal, state, and local law enforcement to assist them in protecting communities from extremism and hate. This work is shaped by both a deep understanding of the law enforcement profession and a steadfast commitment to civil rights. <\/aside>\n<p>When law enforcement agencies take bias-motivated crimes seriously, it helps send an important message that every individual and every community is valued.<\/p>\n<p>As a general concept, a hate crime is a crime in which the actor intentionally targets an individual or property, in whole or in substantial part because of the actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or disability of an individual or group of individuals. Forty-six states and the District of Columbia, along with the federal government, have enacted hate crime laws, which vary widely in terms of which aspects of identity are covered, with some states offering much broader protections than others.<sup>1<\/sup> Although the specific state (and federal) laws may vary in terms of which characteristics are enumerated, which underlying crimes are covered, available remedies, and other aspects of the respective statutes, hate crime laws send the important message that people should not be targeted because of who they are.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #102c4e;\"><strong>The Rising Number of Hate Crimes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The FBI has been collecting and reporting hate crime data in an annual report since the 1990s. The most recent data available is from 2020, and it shows hate crimes in the United States at a historic high. In 2020, there was a 13 percent increase in reported hate crimes from the previous year and the highest total in almost two decades, since 2001. A total of 8,263 hate crime incidents were reported &#8212; an increase from 7,314 in 2019.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>As has consistently been the case since the FBI began collecting data, race-based\u2014and specifically anti-Black\u2014hate crimes represented the largest portion of reported hate crimes in 2020. There was a sharp increase in reported hate crimes targeting Black people in 2020; that number rose approximately 49 percent, from 1,930 in 2019 to 2,871 in 2020. The number of reported anti\u2013Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) hate crimes increased significantly, as well, from 179 to 294. Reported gender identity\u2013based hate crimes also rose, from 198 to 266, which is the highest it has been since the FBI began collecting data on this category of hate crimes in 2013. Although reported \u201canti-Hispanic or Latino\u201d (Note: This is the term the FBI uses) hate crimes decreased slightly, the number is still the second highest it has been since 2010. Hate crimes targeting the Jewish community represented the largest portion of reported religion-based hate crimes, at nearly 55 percent. Crimes targeting the Jewish community consistently constitute over half of all reported religion-biased crimes.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #102c4e;\"><strong>The Need for More Comprehensive Data<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>One of the biggest impediments to developing a complete picture of the scope and nature of hate crimes in the United States is the lack of comprehensive and reliable data. Hate crimes are significantly underreported. This means that the real volume and scope of hate crimes targeting marginalized communities is even higher than the data compiled by the FBI indicate. Underreporting exists on two levels: (1) by communities to police, often due to the significant barriers to reporting that communities face; and (2) by police departments to the FBI.<\/p>\n<p>Victims and communities face significant barriers to reporting hate crimes. In fact, some of the most likely victims of hate crimes are the least likely to report those crimes to the police. It is important to understand and consider the barriers to reporting, which range greatly, but can include fear or distrust of law enforcement; fear of retribution; fear of deportation, detention, or other negative immigration-related responses for oneself or those in one\u2019s community; language barriers; embarrassment; concern about making an aspect of one\u2019s identity public; and ability-related barriers, among many others. Engaging in broader efforts to build relationships between police and communities that are often targeted by hate crimes is critical.<\/p>\n<p>For the third straight year, the number of law enforcement agencies providing hate crime data to the FBI has decreased. Despite this decline, it is striking to see the stark increase in reported hate crimes in 2020. It is disconcerting that the level of underreporting by police departments to the FBI has been getting worse over the past several years, rather than better.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Of further concern is that, even among agencies that are, in theory, participating in the program, far too many report zero hate crimes, which raises questions about the accuracy \u00a0of the numbers they are reporting. This is particularly true in well-populated areas. In 2020, 10 cities with a population over 100,000 did not report hate crime data at all, and 59 cities with a population over 100,000 reported zero hate crimes. Additionally, among the 50 largest cities in the United States\u2014all of which have populations over 400,000\u201410 reported hate crimes in the single digits for 2020.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>It is essential that police departments report accurate hate crime data. Improving hate crime reporting to ensure more comprehensive and accurate data can enhance understanding of the nature, scope, and magnitude of the problem of hate crimes. This, in turn, will better equip agencies and the public to be able to address it. In addition, providing robust hate crime data sends a message that the department is committed to transparency and takes these crimes seriously.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #102c4e;\"><strong>ADL Resources for Addressing Hate Crimes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>One important step that a law enforcement agency can take to help ensure it is well positioned to effectively respond to bias-motivated crimes is being proactive in providing its personnel with education and resources on hate crimes. In order to effectively address hate crimes, officers must first be able to recognize hate crimes and understand what makes bias crimes\u2014and the harm those crimes cause to individuals and communities\u2014significant and unique from other crimes. ADL offers a variety of resources to help law enforcement combat hate, including<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square; color: #102c4e;\">\n<li>information and expertise in combating <span style=\"color: #102c4e;\"><a style=\"color: #102c4e;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.adl.org\/what-we-do\/protect-civil-rights\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">hate crimes<\/span><\/a><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #102c4e;\"><a style=\"color: #102c4e;\" href=\"https:\/\/adl.org\/research-centers\/center-technology-society\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">online hate<\/span><\/a><\/span>;<\/li>\n<li>information and intelligence on extremist groups, movements, and individuals through the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adl.org\/research-centers\/center-on-extremism?_gl=1*9iocm0*_ga*MTI1NjU0NzcwLjE1ODc1NjIyODQ.*_ga_S9QB0F2PB5*MTY1MzUwMjM5Ny4yLjEuMTY1MzUwMzg3OS42MA..\">ADL Center on Extremism (COE)<\/a><\/span>, which is comprised of a team of investigators, analysts, researchers and technical experts who strategically monitor and expose extremist threats\u2014on the internet and on the ground;<\/li>\n<li>an interactive <span style=\"color: #102c4e;\"><a style=\"color: #102c4e;\" href=\"https:\/\/adl.org\/resources\/tools-to-track-hate\/heat-map\"><em><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">H.E.A.T. Map<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span><em>, <\/em>where a user can view incidents of hate, extremism, antisemitism, and terrorism by geographic area;<\/li>\n<li>a <a href=\"https:\/\/adl.org\/resources\/hate-symbols\/search\"><em><span style=\"color: #102c4e;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Hate Symbols Database<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a> that provides an overview of many of the symbols most frequently used by white supremacist groups and movements and other types of hate groups; and<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adl.org\/resources\/law-enforcement\/professional-development\">professional development opportunities<\/a> <\/span>designed specifically for law enforcement that can often be provided at little to no cost to agencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ADL also offers interactive hate crime workshops that introduce a series of tools and practices to enhance law enforcement\u2019s ability to prevent and respond to bias-motivated crimes. Participants learn to identify key elements of bias-motivated crimes,\u00a0strengthen their understanding of the legal framework (customized to the specific jurisdiction), enhance skills related to investigation and documentation of bias-motivated crimes, and deepen their appreciation for the importance of preventing and addressing bias-motivated crimes.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #102c4e;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Effectively addressing hate crimes requires an approach that includes all stakeholders\u2014organizations representing and working with the communities most affected by hate crimes, community members, faith leaders, elected leaders, public officials, educators, technology entities, law enforcement, and others\u2014in a way that prioritizes the voices and needs of communities that are disproportionately impacted by hate crimes.\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Webdings;\">&#x1f6e1;<\/span><\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullout pullout--wide alignleft\">Through a network of 25 regional offices, ADL is on the ground, ready to provide law enforcement with local assistance and support in law enforcement\u2019s efforts to combat hate. For more information, please contact Elise Jarvis, director of law enforcement outreach and partnerships, at <a href=\"mailto:ejarvis@adl.org\">ejarvis@adl.org<\/a>, or your local ADL Regional Office at <a href=\"https:\/\/adl.org\/about\/regional-offices\">adl.org\/regions<\/a>.<\/aside>\n<p><aside class=\"pullout pullout--wide alignleft\"><strong>Elise Jarvis<\/strong> is the director of law enforcement outreach and partnerships at ADL (Anti-Defamation League), where she is responsible for growing and strengthening ADL\u2019s relationships and partnerships with law enforcement agencies and organizations in order to fight extremism and hate.<\/aside><br \/>\n<strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>ADL, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adl.org\/resources\/tools-to-track-hate\/hate-crime-map\">ADL Hate Crime Map<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/cde.ucr.cjis.gov\/LATEST\/webapp\/#\/pages\/explorer\/crime\/hate-crime\">Hate Crime<\/a>,\u201d Crime Data Explorer.<\/p>\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>FBI, <a href=\"https:\/\/ucr.fbi.gov\/hate-crime\/2019\"><em>2019 Hate Crime Statistics<\/em><\/a><em>,<\/em> Uniform Crime Reports (Washington, DC, 2020); FBI, <a href=\"https:\/\/cde.ucr.cjis.gov\/LATEST\/webapp\/#\/pages\/explorer\/crime\/hate-crime\"><em>Hate Crime Statistics, 2020<\/em><\/a><em>,<\/em> Uniform Crime Reports (Washington, DC, 2021).<\/p>\n<p><sup>4<\/sup>FBI, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/cde.ucr.cjis.gov\/LATEST\/webapp\/#\/pages\/explorer\/crime\/hate-crime\">Hate Crime<\/a>,\u201d Crime Data Explorer, <em>parameters<\/em> 2017\u20132020.<\/p>\n<p><sup>5<\/sup>FBI, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/cde.ucr.cjis.gov\/LATEST\/webapp\/#\/pages\/explorer\/crime\/hate-crime\">Hate Crime<\/a>,\u201d Crime Data Explorer.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a disturbing trend, hate crimes have been on the rise in recent years in the United States. When a person is targeted for a crime because of actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or disability, it harms not only that person, but also the group of people who share the characteristic for which that person was targeted and the community. . These crimes may intimidate other members of the victim&#8217;s community, leaving them feeling isolated, vulnerable, and unprotected. Hate crime laws were enacted out of a recognition that crimes motivated by bias are different from other criminal conduct\u2014both because of the unique harm they cause to the immediate victim and because of their negative impact on the broader community. As seen in Oak Creek, Wisconsin; Charleston, South Carolina; Orlando, Florida; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Poway, California; El Paso, Texas; and Buffalo, New York, hate crimes have devastating and far-reaching effects.<\/p>\n<p>When law enforcement agencies take bias-motivated crimes seriously, it helps send an important message that every individual and every community is valued.<\/p>\n<p>As a general concept, a hate crime is a crime in which the actor intentionally targets an individual or property, in whole or in substantial part because of the actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or disability of an individual or group of individuals. Forty-six states and the District of Columbia, along with the federal government, have enacted hate crime laws, which vary widely in terms of which aspects of identity are covered, with some states offering much broader protections than others.<sup>1<\/sup> Although the specific state (and federal) laws may vary in terms of which characteristics are enumerated, which underlying crimes are covered, available remedies, and other aspects of the respective statutes, hate crime laws send the important message that people should not be targeted because of who they are.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4042,"featured_media":48385,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,135,126],"tags":[1555,903,2197,628],"class_list":["post-69554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bonus-online-article","category-human-civil-rights","category-topics","tag-adl","tag-bonus-article","tag-crime-reporting","tag-hate-crimes"],"acf":{"subtitle":"Rising Hate Crimes in the United States","post_author":"Elise Jarvis, Director of Law Enforcement Outreach and Partnerships, ADL (Anti-Defamation League)","main_category":"Human & Civil Rights","legacy_article_id":"","legacy_issue_id":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.4 (Yoast SEO v24.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sounding the Alarm - Police Chief Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sounding the Alarm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a disturbing trend, hate crimes have been on the rise in recent years in the United States. When a person is targeted for a crime because of actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or disability, it harms not only that person, but also the group of people who share the characteristic for which that person was targeted and the community. . These crimes may intimidate other members of the victim&#039;s community, leaving them feeling isolated, vulnerable, and unprotected. Hate crime laws were enacted out of a recognition that crimes motivated by bias are different from other criminal conduct\u2014both because of the unique harm they cause to the immediate victim and because of their negative impact on the broader community. As seen in Oak Creek, Wisconsin; Charleston, South Carolina; Orlando, Florida; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Poway, California; El Paso, Texas; and Buffalo, New York, hate crimes have devastating and far-reaching effects.  When law enforcement agencies take bias-motivated crimes seriously, it helps send an important message that every individual and every community is valued.  As a general concept, a hate crime is a crime in which the actor intentionally targets an individual or property, in whole or in substantial part because of the actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or disability of an individual or group of individuals. Forty-six states and the District of Columbia, along with the federal government, have enacted hate crime laws, which vary widely in terms of which aspects of identity are covered, with some states offering much broader protections than others.1 Although the specific state (and federal) laws may vary in terms of which characteristics are enumerated, which underlying crimes are covered, available remedies, and other aspects of the respective statutes, hate crime laws send the important message that people should not be targeted because of who they are.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Police Chief Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TheIACP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-10T12:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-07T13:49:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/removingHate.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"872\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"632\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Margaret White\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TheIACP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TheIACP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Margaret White\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Margaret White\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/#\/schema\/person\/8ccef21069086f34ed017e84cdf4fe52\"},\"headline\":\"Sounding the Alarm\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-10T12:00:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-07T13:49:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/\"},\"wordCount\":1618,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/removingHate.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"ADL\",\"bonus article\",\"crime reporting\",\"hate crimes\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Bonus Online Article\",\"Human &amp; 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When a person is targeted for a crime because of actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or disability, it harms not only that person, but also the group of people who share the characteristic for which that person was targeted and the community. . These crimes may intimidate other members of the victim's community, leaving them feeling isolated, vulnerable, and unprotected. Hate crime laws were enacted out of a recognition that crimes motivated by bias are different from other criminal conduct\u2014both because of the unique harm they cause to the immediate victim and because of their negative impact on the broader community. As seen in Oak Creek, Wisconsin; Charleston, South Carolina; Orlando, Florida; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Poway, California; El Paso, Texas; and Buffalo, New York, hate crimes have devastating and far-reaching effects.  When law enforcement agencies take bias-motivated crimes seriously, it helps send an important message that every individual and every community is valued.  As a general concept, a hate crime is a crime in which the actor intentionally targets an individual or property, in whole or in substantial part because of the actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or disability of an individual or group of individuals. Forty-six states and the District of Columbia, along with the federal government, have enacted hate crime laws, which vary widely in terms of which aspects of identity are covered, with some states offering much broader protections than others.1 Although the specific state (and federal) laws may vary in terms of which characteristics are enumerated, which underlying crimes are covered, available remedies, and other aspects of the respective statutes, hate crime laws send the important message that people should not be targeted because of who they are.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/","og_site_name":"Police Chief Magazine","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TheIACP","article_published_time":"2022-08-10T12:00:54+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-11-07T13:49:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":872,"height":632,"url":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/removingHate.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Margaret White","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@TheIACP","twitter_site":"@TheIACP","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Margaret White","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/"},"author":{"name":"Margaret White","@id":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/#\/schema\/person\/8ccef21069086f34ed017e84cdf4fe52"},"headline":"Sounding the Alarm","datePublished":"2022-08-10T12:00:54+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-07T13:49:22+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/"},"wordCount":1618,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/sounding-the-alarm\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.policechiefmagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/removingHate.jpg","keywords":["ADL","bonus article","crime reporting","hate crimes"],"articleSection":["Bonus Online Article","Human &amp; 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